When Did Democrats And Republicans Change Platforms

Platform of the liberal U.S. political party

The platform of the Democratic Political party of the United States is more often than not based on American liberalism, contrasting with the conservatism of the Republican Party. The party has big centrist^{[1] [2] [iii] [4]} and progressive^{[5] [vi]} wings, equally well as smaller conservative and socialist elements.

Democratic platforms seek to promote social programs, labor unions, consumer protection, workplace safety regulation, equal opportunity, disability rights, racial equity,^[8] regulations against environmental pollution,^{[9] [10] [11]} and criminal justice reform.^[12] Democrats tend to support abortion rights and the LGBT community, as well equally a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants. Democrats typically agree with the scientific consensus on climate change and favor a multilateral approach in foreign policy.

Economic issues [edit]

Equal economical opportunity, a robust social safety cyberspace, and potent labor unions have historically been at the heart of Democratic economic policy.^[viii] The party favors a mixed economy^[13] and generally supports a progressive tax organisation, higher minimum wages, Social Security, universal health intendance, public educational activity, and subsidized housing.^[8] It as well supports infrastructure development and clean energy investments to achieve economic development and job cosmos.^[14] Since the 1990s, the political party has occasionally supported centrist economical reforms that cut the size of regime and reduced marketplace regulations.^[15]

Fiscal policy [edit]

Democrats support a more progressive revenue enhancement structure to provide more services and reduce economic inequality by making sure that the wealthiest Americans pay the highest tax rate.^[16] They besides support more authorities spending on social services while spending less on the armed forces.^{[17] [18]} They oppose cutting social services, such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid,^[xix] assertive cuts to be harmful to efficiency and social justice. Democrats believe the benefits of social services include a more productive labor force and that the benefits of this are greater than any benefits that could be derived from lower taxes, especially on peak earners. Furthermore, Democrats view social services as essential to providing positive liberty (i.eastward., liberty derived from economic opportunity). The Democratic-led House of Representatives reinstated the PAYGO (pay-every bit-you-get) upkeep rule early in the 110th Congress.^[20]

Minimum wage [edit]

Democrats favor raising the minimum wage and believe that all Americans have the right to a fair wage. They telephone call for a $15.00/hour national minimum wage and believe that the minimum wage should be adjusted regularly.^[21] The Off-white Minimum Wage Act of 2007 was an early component of the party'southward calendar during the 110th Congress. In 2006, Democrats supported 6 country ballot initiatives to increment the minimum wage; all six initiatives passed.^[22]

Wellness intendance [edit]

Democrats call for "affordable and quality wellness care" and favor moving toward universal health care in a variety of forms to address rising healthcare costs. Some Democratic politicians favor a single-payer program or Medicare for All, while others prefer creating a public health insurance option.^[23]

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (also known as "Obamacare"), which President Barack Obama signed into law on March 23, 2010, has been ane of the most meaning pushes for universal health care. Every bit of Dec 2019, more than 20 million Americans have gained wellness insurance nether the Affordable Care Act.^[24]

Education [edit]

Democrats favor improving public instruction past raising school standards and reforming the Caput Showtime program. They also back up universal preschool and expanding access to main education (some Democrats who support this through lease schools). They call for slashes in pupil loan debt and support reforms to force down tuition fees.^[25] Other proposed reforms have included nationwide universal preschool didactics, tuition-gratis or reduced-tuition college, and reforms of standardized testing. Democrats have the long-term aim of having low-cost, publicly funded college education with depression tuition fees (like in much of Europe and Canada), which should be available to every eligible American student. Alternatively, they encourage expanding access to post-secondary instruction by increasing state funding for educatee financial aid such as Pell Grants and college tuition revenue enhancement deductions.^[26]

Surroundings [edit]

In the U.s.a., Democrats (blueish) and Republicans (red) have long differed in views of the importance of addressing climate change, with the gap widening in the late 2010s mainly through Democrats' share increasing by more than than xxx points.^[27]

The precipitous divide over the existence of and responsibility for global warming and climate alter falls largely along political lines.^[28] Overall, lx% of Americans surveyed said oil and gas companies were "completely or more often than not responsible" for climatic change.^[28]

Democrats believe that the government should protect the environment and accept a history of environmentalism. In more contempo years, this stance has had as its emphasis culling energy generation as the basis for an improved economy, greater national security, and general environmental benefits.^[29]

Democrats also favor expanding conservation lands, and they encourage open space and track travel to relieve highway and drome congestion and ameliorate air quality and economic system; they "believe that communities, environmental interests, and government should work together to protect resource while ensuring the vitality of local economies. One time Americans were led to believe they had to make a option between the economy and the surroundings. They now know this is a faux pick."^[30]

The Democratic party'due south foremost environmental business is climate change. Democrats, most notably former Vice President Al Gore, have pressed for stern regulation of greenhouse gases. On Oct 15, 2007, Gore won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to build greater cognition most homo-made climate modify and laying the foundations for the measures needed to annul information technology.^[31] A 2017 analysis by the Center for American Progress Action Fund of climate change denial in the U.S. Congress found that 180 members deny the science behind climate change, all Republicans, and that no Democratic members of Congress publicly denied climate change.^{[32] [33]}

Renewable energy and fossil fuels [edit]

Democrats support increased domestic renewable energy development, including wind and solar power farms, in an effort to reduce carbon pollution. The political party's platform calls for an "all of the above" free energy policy including clean free energy, natural gas, and domestic oil, while wanting to become energy independent.^[22] The party has supported higher taxes on oil companies and increased regulations on coal power plants, favoring a policy of reducing long-term reliance on fossil fuels.^{[34] [35]} In addition, the party supports stricter fuel emissions standards to forestall air pollution.

Merchandise agreements [edit]

The 2012 Democratic Party platform endorses off-white and complimentary merchandise, the KORUS FTA, the TPP, the Panama–Usa Trade Promotion Understanding, the CTPA, and the Interagency Trade Enforcement Center.^[36]

[edit]

Shirley Chisholm was the first major party African-American candidate to run nationwide principal campaigns.

The modern Democratic Party emphasizes social equality and equal opportunity. Democrats back up voting rights and minority rights, including LGBT rights. The political party passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 subsequently a Democratic attempt to delay led past southern Democrats, which for the first fourth dimension outlawed segregation. Carmines and Stimson wrote "the Democratic Party appropriated racial liberalism and assumed federal responsibility for ending racial discrimination."^{[37] [38] [39]}

Ideological social elements in the party include cultural liberalism, civil libertarianism, and feminism. Some Democratic social policies are clearing reform, electoral reform, and women'south reproductive rights.

Equal Opportunity [edit]

The Democratic Party strives for equality of opportunity for all Americans regardless of sex, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, creed, or national origin. Many Democrats support affirmative action programs to further this goal. Democrats as well strongly support the Americans with Disabilities Act to prohibit discrimination against people based on physical or mental disability. Every bit such, they pushed the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, a disability rights expansion that became law.^[40]

Voting rights [edit]

The 2012 Democratic Party platform believes the right to vote and to accept ane's vote counted is an essential American freedom, and opposes laws placing unnecessary restrictions on those seeking to exercise that freedom, such as voter ID laws.^{[36] [41]} Many Democrats also support automatic voter registration, which ensures that all Americans over the legal voting age are registered to vote upon reaching the same age, and are never required to re-register.

Abortion and reproductive rights [edit]

The 2012 Autonomous Party platform endorses maintaining Roe v. Wade, a adult female'due south right to make decisions regarding her pregnancy, including a safe and legal abortion, regardless of ability to pay, and a woman's decision to take a kid by providing affordable health intendance and ensuring the availability of and access to programs helping women during pregnancy and afterward a child's birth, including caring adoption programs, along with opposing any and all efforts to weaken or undermine that correct.^[36]

Immigration [edit]

The 2012 Autonomous Party platform endorses enacting comprehensive immigration reform supporting American economic goals and reflects America's values every bit both a nation of laws and a nation of immigrants. They generally support an easier path toward citizenship for immigrants, a system for allocating visas meeting economical needs, keeps families together, and enforces the constabulary. The party supported the clearing policy of the Obama assistants, the DREAM Human action, the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals plan, and opposes land laws targeting immigrants.^[36] Democrats are generally more sympathetic to sanctuary cities.

LGBT rights [edit]

President Barack Obama meeting with the Joint Chiefs of Staff on the eve of publication of a Defense Department written report on repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell, which prohibit openly gay individuals to serve in the military machine

The 2012 Democratic Party platform endorsed the principle that no i should face discrimination based on their gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity, such as transgender, gay, lesbian and/or bisexual. They support the Employment Not-Discrimination Act, anti-bullying prevention for LGBT youth, the Don't Enquire, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, and the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act. Democrats also supported President Obama'south presidential memorandum on April 15, 2010, granting patients to receive visitors and to designate surrogate decision makers for medical emergencies,^{[ clarification needed ]} the U.Southward. Customs and Border Protection'southward March 29, 2012, update of the Community Declarations Form that aforementioned-sex couples and their children can become through Customs when re-entering the country together instead of being forced to divide, wedlock equality, and the Respect for Marriage Act. Support for the Obama assistants policy requiring American diplomats must raise the effect wherever harassment or abuse arises, and they are required to record information technology in the State Department's annual study on human rights, and the Usa Department of State funding a program financing LGBT rights organizations to combat bigotry, violence, and other abuses is too present. Since 2011, the party opposed the Defense of Wedlock Act. The party also opposes discriminatory federal and state constitutional amendments and other attempts to deny equal protection of the laws to committed same-sex couples seeking the same respect and responsibilities every bit other married couples, and efforts by other nations criminalizing homosexual conduct or ignore abuse.^{[36] [42] [43]}

Legal issues [edit]

Gun command [edit]

With a stated goal of reducing crime and homicide, the Democratic Party has introduced various gun control measures, most notably the Gun Control Act of 1968, the Brady Nib of 1993, and Criminal offense Control Human activity of 1994. Notwithstanding, some Democrats, especially rural, Southern, and Western Democrats, favor fewer restrictions on firearm possession and warned that the political party was defeated in the 2000 presidential election in rural areas because of the issue.^[44] In the national platform for 2008, the only statement explicitly favoring gun control was a plan calling for renewal of the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban.^[45]

Death penalty [edit]

The Democratic Party currently opposes the capital punishment,^[46] but previously supported it.^[47] The 2012 Democratic Party platform endorsed the capital punishment, but believed it must non be arbitrary, DNA testing should be used in all appropriate circumstances, defendants should have effective assistance of counsel, and the administration of justice should be fair and impartial.^[36]

Equally of March 2015, 77% of Republicans, 57% of Independents, and 40% of Democrats said they favored the expiry penalty. 17% of Republicans, 37% of Independents, and 56% of Democrats said they opposed capital punishment.^[48]

Torture [edit]

Many Democrats are opposed to the use of torture against individuals apprehended and held prisoner by the U.S. military, and concord that categorizing such prisoners equally unlawful combatants does non release the U.S. from its obligations under the Geneva Conventions. Democrats debate that torture is inhumane, decreases the U.s.a.' moral standing in the world, and produces questionable results. According to a 2014 poll, nearly Democrats did not recollect that waterboarding and other aggressive interrogation tactics were justified.^[49]

Torture became a very divisive outcome in the party after Barack Obama was elected president. Many centrist Democrats and members of the party's leadership supported the employ of torture while the more left-leaning wings continued to exist steadfastly opposed to information technology.^[fifty]

Right to privacy [edit]

The Democratic Party believes that individuals should have a right to privacy. For example, many Democrats have opposed the NSA warrantless surveillance of U.South. citizens.

Some Democratic officeholders have championed consumer protection laws that limit the sharing of consumer data betwixt corporations. Democrats oppose "sodomy laws" and believe that government should non regulate consensual noncommercial sexual acquit among adults as a matter of personal privacy.^[51]

Patriot Act [edit]

Many Democrats are opposed to the Patriot Act. However, when the law was passed most Democrats were supportive of it and all but two Democrats in the U.S. Senate voted for the original legislation in 2001. The lone nay vote was from Russ Feingold of Wisconsin; Mary Landrieu of Louisiana did not vote. In the House, the Democrats voted for the Act by a margin of 145–62. Democrats split on the issue of the Act's renewal in 2006. In the Senate, 34 Democrats voted for the 2006 renewal, and 9 confronting. In the Business firm, 66 Democrats voted for the renewal, and 124 against^{[ citation needed ]}

Foreign policy problems [edit]

In foreign policy, the voters of the two major parties have largely overlapped since the 1990s. The Gallup poll in early on 2013 shows wide agreement on the top problems, albeit with some divergence regarding as human rights and international cooperation through agencies such equally the UN.^[52]

In June 2014 the Quinnipiac Poll asked Americans which foreign policy they preferred:

A) The Us is doing also much in other countries around the world, and it is fourth dimension to practice less around the world and focus more on our own bug here at home. B) The United states of america must continue to button forrad to promote republic and freedom in other countries around the world because these efforts make our ain country more secure.

Democrats chose A over B past 65–32%; Republicans chose A over B by 56% to 39%; independents chose A over B by 67% to 29%.^[53]

Iraq War [edit]

In 2002, Congressional Democrats were divided on the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Republic of iraq; 147 voted confronting it (21 in the Senate and 126 in the House) and 110 voted for information technology (29 in the Senate, 81 in the House). Since so, many prominent Democrats, such as former Senator John Edwards, have expressed regret about this decision, and have called it a mistake, while others, such as Senator Hillary Clinton have criticized the behave of the war but did not repudiate their initial vote for it (though Clinton later went on to exercise and then during the party'due south 2008 presidential primaries). Referring to Iraq, in Apr 2007, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid declared the war to be "lost" while other Democrats (specially during the 2004 presidential election cycle) defendant President Bush of lying to the public about WMDs in Iraq. Among lawmakers, Democrats are the almost song opponents of Operation Iraqi Liberty and campaigned on a platform of withdrawal ahead of the 2006 mid-term elections.

A March 2003 CBS News poll taken a few days before the invasion of Republic of iraq found that 34% of Democrats nationwide would support it without Un backing, 51% would support it only with its backing, and 14% would not back up it at all.^[54] The Los Angeles Times stated in early April 2003 that lxx% of Democrats supported the decision to invade while 27% opposed it.^[55] The Pew Inquiry Center stated in August 2007 that opposition increased from 37% during the initial invasion to 74%.^[56] In April 2008, a CBS News poll plant that nearly 90% of Democrats disapproved of the Bush administration's conduct and want to terminate the war inside the adjacent year.^[57]

Democrats in the Business firm of Representatives near-unanimously supported a non-binding resolution disapproving of President Bush's decision to send additional troops into Iraq in 2007. Congressional Democrats overwhelmingly supported military funding legislation that included a provision that set "a timeline for the withdrawal of all US combat troops from Iraq" by March 31, 2008, but too would leave combat forces in Republic of iraq for purposes such as targeted counter-terrorism operations.^{[58] [59]} Subsequently a veto from the president, and a failed endeavor in Congress to override the veto,^[60] the U.Due south. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007 was passed by Congress and signed by the president after the timetable was dropped. Criticism of the Iraq War subsided after the Republic of iraq War troop surge of 2007 led to a dramatic decrease in Iraqi violence. The Democratic-controlled 110th Congress continued to fund efforts in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Presidential candidate Barack Obama advocated a withdrawal of combat troops inside Iraq by late 2010 with a residual strength of peacekeeping troops left in place.^[61] He stated that both the speed of withdrawal and the number of troops left over would be "entirely conditions-based."^[61]

On February 27, 2009, President Obama announced, "As a candidate for president, I made clear my back up for a timeline of 16 months to comport out this drawdown, while pledging to consult closely with our military commanders upon taking office to ensure that nosotros preserve the gains nosotros've made and protect our troops ... Those consultations are now complete, and I have chosen a timeline that will remove our combat brigades over the adjacent 18 months."^[62] Effectually 50,000 non-combat related forces will remain.^[62] Obama'southward plan drew broad bipartisan support, including that of defeated Republican Presidential candidate Senator John McCain.^[62]

Iran sanctions [edit]

The Democratic Political party has been critical of Iran's nuclear weapon program and supported economic sanctions against the Iranian regime. In 2013, the Democratic led administration worked to accomplish a diplomatic understanding with the government of Iran to halt the Iranian nuclear weapon program in exchange for international economic sanction relief.^[63] As of 2014 negotiations had been successful and the party called for more cooperation with Iran in the hereafter.^[64] In 2015, the Obama administration agreed to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which provides sanction relief in exchange for international oversight of the Iranian nuclear program.

Invasion of Transitional islamic state of afghanistan [edit]

Democrats in the House of Representatives and in the Senate about-unanimously voted for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists against "those responsible for the recent attacks launched against the United States" in Afghanistan in 2001, supporting the NATO coalition invasion of the nation. Most elected Democrats continue to support the Afghanistan disharmonize, and some, such as a Autonomous National Committee spokesperson, have voiced concerns that the Republic of iraq War shifted too many resources away from the presence in Afghanistan.^{[65] [66] [67]} Since 2006, so-candidate Barack Obama chosen for a "surge" of troops into Afghanistan and, since 2008, Republican candidate John McCain too called for a "surge".^[67] As President, Obama sent a "surge" force of additional troops to Transitional islamic state of afghanistan.^{[ citation needed ]} Troop levels were at 94,000 in December 2011, and are decreasing as of recent years, with a target of 68,000 past fall 2012. Obama planned to bring all the troops dwelling house past 2014.^[68]

Support for the war amidst the American people has diminished over time, and many Democrats have inverse their stance and now oppose a continuation of the conflict.^{[69] [70]} In July 2008, Gallup establish that 41% of Democrats chosen the invasion a "error" while a 55% majority disagreed; in contrast, Republicans were more than supportive of the war. The survey described Democrats as evenly divided most whether or not more than troops should be sent—56% support it if it would mean removing troops from Iraq and only 47% support it otherwise.^[70] A CNN survey in Baronial 2009 stated that a majority of Democrats at present oppose the state of war. CNN polling director Keating Holland said, "Nearly two thirds of Republicans back up the state of war in Afghanistan. Three quarters of Democrats oppose the war."^[69] An Baronial 2009 Washington Post poll found similar results, and the paper stated that Obama'southward policies would anger his closest supporters.^[71]

Israel and Palestine [edit]

The 2012 Democratic Party platform endorses maintaining commitment to Israel's security, claiming a strong and secure Israel is vital because of strategic interests and common values, the Obama administration providing nearly $10 billion to Israel in the by iii years, armed forces support for Israel, such equally the Iron Dome system, the Egypt–Israel peace treaty, the Israel–Jordan peace treaty, and recognizing Jerusalem as and remains the capital letter of Israel, and opposes any effort to delegitimize State of israel on the globe stage. The platform as well states that Democratic Party seeks peace between Israelis and Palestinians, and supports a 2-state solution, under conditions that State of israel'due south security concerns are met and any Palestinian partner must recognize Israel's right to be, reject violence, and attach to existing agreements.^[36]

Run across also [edit]

• Political positions of the Republican Party
• Democratic Party (United States)#Political positions
• History of the The states Democratic Party
• Factions in the Democratic Party

Notes [edit]

References [edit]

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60. ^ ^{a b} Obama says conditions to dictate final Iraq strength. Reuters. Published July 27, 2008.
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65. ^ Democrats say McCain forgot Afghanistan. Boston Earth. Published July 24, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2008. Archived August 20, 2008, at the Wayback Auto
66. ^ ^{a b} John McCain & Barack Obama urge Transitional islamic state of afghanistan surge. New York Daily News. Published July 15, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
67. ^ "U.Due south. plans major shift to advisory role in Afghanistan," Los Angeles Times, Dec. thirteen. 2011
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69. ^ ^{a b} "Afghan State of war Edges Out Iraq as Most Important for U.Southward." by Frank Newport. Gallup. Published July 30, 2008. Retrieved Baronial 24, 2009.
70. ^ Public Stance in U.S. Turns Against Afghan War. By Jennifer Agiesta and Jon Cohen. Washington Postal service. Published Baronial twenty, 2009. Retrieved Baronial 24, 2009.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_Democratic_Party

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